laptop ssd DIY From Beginner to Proficient HardDisk

bulk SSD hard drives SSD ON April 12, OEMlaptop SSD Hawking published its first Sina Weibo article laptop ssd+ 8618750919058 and became a Weibo influencer for a time. Here we have to like the influence of Sina Weibo and Hawking. Although I believe that people who pay attention to him are basically here to join in the fun. Hawking, who suffers from muscular dystrophic lateral sclerosis, posted a tweet that is not simple laptop ssd+ 8618750919058, according to the data, Mr. Hawking can only rely on the cheek muscles to code words. Hawking’s Weibo actually leaned on his face! Brother Tang, I was shocked, and quickly looked in the mirror, fortunately, I can still mix.

In this era when everyone prays for an open book, hawking wants to open a book is basically impossible, let him write things on the computer, not enough for those of us with mechanical keyboards to be efficient. So I guess Hawking must have quite a few things in his head. People like those of us who pass the physics exam and want to stuff more points in our heads, it’s basically impossible. But modern people still have a chance to surpass Hawking’s old love and Marne, which is a piece of Bull X’s hard disk!

recently busy with the legs of Atang brother I let you wait a long time! DIY Step 6, Hard Disk! Come on! A blockbuster in Europe and America in Japan! Stuff it in!

the first question: What is the hard disk?

hard disk is the most important storage device for computers, which is used to store files and information on computers. It’s like the notebook we use in class, and the things we learn are written down in the notebook, called writing; Flipping through when reviewing is called reading.

according to the principle of storage, hard disks are divided into hard disk drive (HDD), solid-state disk (SSD), and Solid State Hybrid Drive (SSHD).

the second question: What is the difference between these three hard disks?

, HDD

HDD records information magnetically on a disc, just like the tape we used to use. Simply put, it is the use of a magnetic head to record information on a disc, so it is also called a disk hard disk. When the HDD works, the disc rotates and the head writes and reads and writes, like a phonograph with a vinyl disc.

disc for high-speed rotation, according to the conservation of angular momentum, if rotated in the direction of the vertical axis, the disc will cause a lot of pressure on both sides, which can easily lead to damage to the disc and the head. If the hard drive collides while it is working, the head and the disc will be “intimate” and cause bad tracks (I won’t tell me to try it myself). Therefore, notebook mechanical hard disks often use accelerometers to determine whether the hard disk is undergoing high-speed movement (such as falling) and if so, the magnetic head will be recycled to ensure the safety of the hard disk. Of course, this protection is also limited… (I have damaged the hard disk once and I no longer dare to casually pick up the computer opened by others)

get a mechanical hard disk, we generally look at these parameters:

mechanical hard disk When writing or reading, the disc, and the magnetic head must reach the appropriate position to read and write, this process is called seeking. The length of the seek time is one of the most significant differences between HDD and SSDs.” It is not difficult to see that speed and capacity have a great relationship with the speed of the pathfinding speed. In general, the higher the speed of the hard disk, the greater the capacity (the greater the data density, the shorter the seek distance), and the faster the seek speed.

two, SSD

SSD uses flash memory particles to record data, and the storage principle of mobile phones is the same, mainly by electrical signals to read and write to the chip, so in theory, the time required for path seeking is zero. Because of this, SSDs are much faster to read and write than HDDs, and there are no flying discs, and noise is almost non-existent.

however, there are gains and losses, and unlike HDDs, SSDs have liver problems. A complete erase and write of a hard disk (all data in the hard disk is replaced) is called 1 P/E. Theoretically, HDDs can be erased an infinite number of times, while the number of P/E for SSDs varies from 1000 to 100,000 (roughly determined by the type of flash memory).

In addition, SSDs use chips to store, data that is not redundant, once damaged, recovery of data is basically impossible.

The longevity problem of SSDs did cause consumers to resent SSDs a few years ago, and today advances in flash memory processes have greatly improved the longevity of SSDs. In fact, the life of the SSD is not a serious problem, even if the worst 1000P/E flash memory chip is used to produce a 120G SSD, 120G of data is written every day and then erased, theoretically it will take 1000 days to use it. Interested students can take a look at this SSD extreme life test article: SSD life test for one and a half years Continuous writing 2500TB finally hung up

SSD works very differently from HDD, and some parameters are different:

M.2 interface can be understood as a special slot, smaller size. This slot takes the PCI-E and SATA interfaces, which is actually a deformation of the SATA and PCI-E interfaces. Among them, the M.2 interface is divided into two versions, Socket2 and Socket3, the former takes the PCI-Ex2 interface, and the Socket3 takes the PCI-Ex4 interface.

PCI-E is the interface used to connect between chips, like a water pipe, for transmitting data. “Walking PCI-Ex1” refers to the use of a PCI-E bus to transmit data, theoretically with a two-way read and write speed of 512 MiB/s. The greater the number of PCI-E used, the greater the data bandwidth of the component, and the faster the speed achievable. Socket3 is naturally taller than Socket2.

and whether the SSD will go PCI-E or SATA after connecting to the M.2 interface is determined by the SSD’s master chip. What interface the main control chip supports, it will take whatever interface.

flash memory chips are divided into SLC (Single Level Cell), MLC (Multi-Level Cell), and TLC (Triple Level Cell) three, their reading and writing and life in turn decline, and the price naturally rise in turn.

the current TLC flash SSD is still flooding the hardware market with low prices, and the evolution of the master control makes some high-end TLC flash SSDs close to the MLC SSD in terms of reading speed and life. TLC is undoubtedly also the first choice for entry-level SSDs.

three, SSHD

SSHD, as the name suggests, is a two-in-one product of solid-state drive and mechanical hard disk, integrating flash memory particles and disks. When working, the integrated flash memory particles will pre-read the data, thereby improving the read and write speed of the hard disk, and reducing the number of accesses to the hard disk, achieving low power consumption, high life, and fast speed.

SSHD products are few and the price is not low, and it has not received a good response in the DIY market. Because the mainstream practice is to directly purchase SSDs and HDDs, the hard disk group is assembled through RAID to achieve a similar effect to hybrid hard disks, and consumers can freely choose the brand and capacity of the two hard disks, which is more playable.

the third question: So which hard disk should I use?

SSHD’s product line is relatively small, the price is also high, and it is not recommended here.

1. Single hard disk

the current consumer SSD has a capacity disadvantage, the price of SSD above 512G is so high that it scares the wallet, anyway, I dare not buy it. For students who do not form RAID, when choosing a hard disk, they should choose the psychological shadow area of the comprehensive wallet according to the hard disk capacity they need. In conclusion, choose the SSD whenever possible.

2. Multi-drive RAID

RAID is an abbreviation for a disk array, which is simply a combination of multiple hard disks. According to the different ways of merger and divided into a variety of RAID modes, different modes bring different effects, some RAID methods can make the hard disk read and write speed greatly improved, which can be described as a magic skill of expansion growth. However, without elaboration here, interested students can refer to disk array_google Encyclopedia. (In fact, Atang brother I am only familiar with the purchase and not familiar with the assembly machine Ah crying)

multiple hard disks play a lot, dual HDD or SSD + HDD to form RAID0 is currently a more common way to expand.

it is worth noting that dual SSDs form RAIDs. Dual SSDs can form RAIDs to achieve the purpose of large-capacity SSD hard disk groups, and exponentially increase the continuous read and write speed of hard disk groups. However, major evaluation agencies have found that dual SSDs cannot improve or can only improve the 4K read and write performance of SSDs to a very small extent.

the so-called “4K performance” is one of the criteria for judging the data throughput capacity of hard disks, as opposed to “continuous read and write performance”. HDD writes data directly in sectors (512kb); The SSD is written in pages (4kb), and it cannot overwrite the write like HDD, and the data must be erased in blocks (128kb) before writing. For a large number of small files, the speed of writing, copying, and other operations is largely determined by 4K performance; For blockbusters with several G, continuous read and write determines the speed of their writing and copying.

dual SSD assembly RAID0 can not significantly improve 4K performance means that the RAID0 hard disk group does not bring a qualitative improvement in web page caching, file updates, programs, games loading, and response speed. In addition, once the data corruption occurs in the dual SSD formation RAID, not only can it not be recovered, but the data of the entire hard disk group will be affected, bringing irreparable consequences. Overall, the only advantage of dual SSD building RAID is the continuous exponential increase in reading and write performance, but it cannot greatly improve 4K performance, and it also risks greater data stability!

the fourth question: No, what I ask is how to pick the hard disk.

1. HDD selection

capacity is not much to say. In addition to comparing the above size, number of revolutions, number of discs, interfaces, and cache, the rest is basically to choose the brand, HDD mainstream brands are Western Digital, Seagate, Toshiba, etc., different brands in the performance of the difference is very small, the choice should pay more attention to the price and warranty. I believe that in terms of price and warranty, everyone who often mixes Taobao is better than me.

worth mentioning is Western Digital’s (WD) product. WD roughly divides its own hard disk into six colors: red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and black, and different colors of hard disks are distinguished by stickers on the surface of the hard disk in order to make consumers dizzy. Just kidding, different colors of the hard disk technology industry have a specialty, let’s take a look at it together:

yellow disk is still relatively difficult to buy in the market, I don’t know whether it is because it is not for the public, or the customs have given the name obscure and deep, imaginative hard disk to the wall.

last year WD officially abolished the green disk and comprehensively reformed it into a blue disk.

the popularity of blue disks is definitely another business opportunity in the Heavenly Dynasty, saying that it is not to reduce the cost of the price war, hoarding Juqi smuggling and selling parallel goods, but second-hand refurbished goods. To avoid such a problem, it is best to buy through formal channels, and really not buy roadside goods in order to save so many tens of dollars. Small money can be spent, and the price of large pieces is higher!

is another hard drive that we wouldn’t buy.

black disk is not only for large enterprises, but also today for high-end gamers. Brother Tang, I have participated in many WD exhibitions, and WD is basically full of fire to promote the black disk. Although it is difficult for mechanical hard disks to surpass SSDs in any way in terms of reading speed, for DIYers with single hard disks and RAIDs, black disks are undoubtedly representative of fever and extreme fever in WD mechanical hard disks.

2. SSD selection

In addition to price and warranty, SSD picks the main control and flash memory. However, if you buy it in an online store, the main controller and flash memory chip will basically not be introduced too much. There are two ways: Baidu running points, and directly buying big names. Looking at the running score does not explain, the choice of big names can not be wrong. Samsung, YLR, SanDisk, Intel, Toshiba, Pucott, Kingston, Yingchi, Weigang… The gap between performance is not large, reading and writing more than a dozen M per second, whether it is for dozens of kb seeds, or one or two gigabytes of large pieces, the feeling is not very obvious.

the fourth question: What should I pay attention to when I have a hard disk?

1. HDD

HDD can not fall, can not shake, as has been explained in the past. Some students often encounter such a problem: the configuration of the notebook that keeps up with the trend takes less than a year, becomes very slow, it takes one or two minutes to start the computer, and it takes a few seconds to open the “My Computer”. Most of it is a problem with the hard disk.

A mechanical hard disk is actually very expensive. Data is often scattered in different places on the disc, requiring us to use tools such as defragmentation for maintenance and optimization; Bad operations such as sudden power failure and forced shutdown of the computer will cause violent friction between the magnetic head and the disc, resulting in bad consequences such as bad sectors; Frequent operations can lead to increased fragmentation, slow reads, and so on. Many students will not maintain the mechanical hard disk, and it will become slow and stuck after a period of use, especially if the game reading is very slow. That’s why I don’t recommend Xiaobai and my elders to buy HDDs. What’s more, in order to save costs, many laptops will use hard disks with low speeds and small caches, coupled with our bad usage habits, I have seen computers that slow out in a month or two.

2. SSD

SSD data corruption is basically doomed, does a good job of data backup, and is excellent for modern people’s basic literacy.

In addition, the SSD should be installed with as few partitions as possible, and the partition capacity should be as small as possible to ensure the efficiency of SSD automatic debris cleaning and the effectiveness of SSD storage space.

SSD comes with a garbage collection mechanism, which can effectively defragment the fragmented data in the hard disk, so there is no need to defragment like HDD. Defragmentation will reduce the life of the SSD.

a good hard disk, which guarantees smooth computer operation and data security and stability, and its importance is beyond the imagination of many people. The choice of hard disk is also simpler than the previously mentioned CPU graphics card memory motherboard. So, the key is whether you take the purchase of hard disks seriously. Rather than installing a machine is a technical job, it is more a patient and careful job. Patiently and carefully learn, patiently and carefully compare, in order to have good results.

busy university life has delayed this article, again and again, thank you for your high hopes and support. In the next few days, more energy will be invested in columns and public accounts, and the content of the article will also change, please look forward to it! Oh yes, my public account has been turned on hey!

bulk SSD hard drives SSD OEMlaptop SSD